International Journal of Management studies and Social Science Research

1. SUSAN DOOFAN ALBERT-MAKYUR (PhD Candidate) & 2. PROFESSOR GANI JOSES YOROMS

ABSTRACT:Over the decades, transnational organized crime has posed a major obstacle for African nations. They have been saddled with human trafficking, corruption, drug trafficking, illicit arms, money laundering, and many more, causing main challenges to stability and growth on the continent. Though some progress is being made in curbing these challenges. However, this paper examines the challenges African nations must address to effectively fight transnational crime. First, is how to deal with emerging criminal actors operating within the region. Second, is using transnational components to investigate these crimes, and third, the ability of African nations to track, and prosecute crimes committed within the jurisdiction. Here, the perspective of Realism is sought to explain that, each member of the human society has the obligation to obey the fundamental values of the community. As such, the state is authorized to intervene (even violent means) to keep social order under its control. State institutions have the function to preserve the dominant legal system to the benefit of the whole society. However, the paper tries to establish that criminal actors are emerging to challenge the legitimate power of the state. The paper analyzes the prospects with respect to efforts and contributions by International Non-governmental Organisations and African Nations. It reveals that the weak structure of governance and lack of secured borders are a bane to national and regional security in Africa. Thus, the possession of political will and good governance, and border protection remains the fundamental instruments to curb transnational criminalities. It concludes that for Africa to achieve security, peace, and stability, it must collaborate and collectively work within the continent and with the nations from the west. This will create a conducive atmosphere, renew leadership trust, and win more foreign investors that can enhance and achieve sustained economic growth in Africa.

Keyword:Africa, Transnational Organized Crime, Realist Theory, Non-State Actors, Economic Growth.

Neba Noela Buwah (PhD)

ABSTRACT:The organisations called “Credit Unions” are a commonplace entity in most developing countries like Cameroon. This is attributed to the fact that their activities are accessable to the low income class earners who make up 37.5 per cent of the total population. This has made it a major concern to every stakeholder, aligned to the saying that “where ones money is, is where his or her heart will be”. These Credit Unions are however according to COBAC regulations expected to be affiliated to Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union League (CamCCUL). The league is structured into Chapters which is based on geographical proximity. Though the Chapters are highly diverse in its activities, the policies and regulatory framework applied by CamCCUL is blanket in nature. It’s on this basis that this study seek to assess the extent to which there exist a significant difference in the performance of affiliated Credit Unions across the ten Chapters of CamCCUL. The study population is 210 and the study adopted a stratified random sample with the Taro Yamane formula which gave a sample of 138. The major source of data was secondary though complemented with primary data captured by the use of structured interview. A factor analysis was done to assess the significance of each of the factors used as a measure of CamCCUL’s services offered to affiliated Credit Union. The outcome eliminated one of the services - liquidity management and consultancy. A one way analysis of variance was used as the method of analysis. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in the savings per member of affiliated Credit Unions across the Chapters of CamCCUL. The researcher recommends that, the basis of Chapter division should be based on nature of activity and that the activities offered by CamCCUL be proportionate to match the size of the Credit Union.

Keyword:affiliated Credit Unions, CamCCUL Chapters and Performance

EMHSK Ekanayake

ABSTRACT:Covid-19 has hit the entire world. Almost all the projects in the world are in a crisis. The project managers in any point has not anticipated or analyzed a risk that will be enduring for a longer period and still have no any definite date of ending it. Project risk management always plays an important role in project management although most of the risk are not given the due priority or importance. In this unforeseen situation Project manager’s immediate action would be include the novel risk item to project risk register, analyze the risks and structure out mitigation procedure. This document discusses identification of risks in the current pandemic situation in main four areas; health, financial issues, freedom of movement and supply chain disruption and analyze possible risk breakdown and suggest most eminent and effective mitigation procedures project managers can apply in any kind of projects during the time in which world is living with Covid-19 .

Keyword:Covid-19, risk, risk breakdown, risk mitigation

Andi Wijayanto 1 , and Arifatu Afifah Khoirunnisa’ 2

ABSTRACT:IndiHome is one of the largest internet service providers in Indonesia with an increase in subscribers every year. IndiHome subscribers until 2019 reached seven million subscribers. However, over time, many customers have complained to IndiHome about slow internet access, sudden increases in billing and so on. The purpose of this research is to prove the effect of service quality on customer loyalty IndiHome in Semarang City and the mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. A total of 100 IndiHome respondents in Semarang City were used as research samples. Questionnaires via Google form are used to collect data. Data analysis using regression analysis and Sobel test. The results of the regression analysis reveal that service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction also shows a significant effect on customer loyalty. The sobel test results show the significance of the mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the effect of service quality on customer loyalty.

Keyword:Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty

Garin Pratiwi Solihati

ABSTRACT:Banking has a major role in the economy; it is not detached from the role of the bank as an intermediation institution. The Bank has a duty to raise funds from the community and distribute back to the community in the form of credit. The research aims to determine the influence of variable Loan to Funding Ratio (LFR), Non Performing Loan (NPL), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Net Interest Margin (NIM) to profitability that is proscribed with Return On Asset (ROA). The population of this research is the finance sector of the bank's subsectors registered in IDX, which is 45 companies. Based on the purposive sampling technique obtained as many as 31 companies. This research uses the documentation obtained from the annual financial statements published on the website www.idx.co.id. The analytical techniques used are multiple linear regressions. The results showed that LFR had no effect on ROA at 0.066, the NPL had an impact on ROA's 0.010, NIM's impact on ROA by 0.000, CAR had no effect on ROA by 0.840. Based on the research results, LFR, NPL, NIM, CAR has significant effect on ROA. Meanwhile, the NPL and NIM partially have significant negative effects on ROA, LFR and CAR are not significantly affected by ROA. Therefore, the increase in the NPL and the height of interest received by the bank affects profitability.

Keyword:LFR, NPL, CAR, NIM, ROA

Pooja Rathore1 and Mansi Jain2

ABSTRACT:Tourism is capable to change the environmental, socio-cultural, political, and economic aspects of the world. It is among the leading industries with fastest growth in the world and has the potential to influence the standard of living of the communities. The comprehensive nature of this industry makes it a channel to economic development and helps balanced regional development. In many countries, it has been seen that tourism is responsible for a major share of GDP and provides employment to a considerably large section of the working population. Added to this, the worldwide earnings generated from tourism sector helps in funding the current account deficit. This study empirically examines the long run association of factors such as economic growth, exchange rate, terrorism and damage from natural disasters with the foreign tourists’ arrival in India using yearly data covering period 1980-2017. To examine the long run relationship this study uses autoregressive distributed lag model. We find that economic growth, exchange rate and damage from floods/heavy rains significantly affect the number of foreigners visiting India in the long run. However, terrorism cases are insignificant and do not affect inbound tourism in the long run.

Keyword:Economic Growth, GDP, ARDL, Tourism

Dr. Ofonmbuk Etido Atakpa, Benson Elijah Udoms, PhD, Dr. David Titus, Charles Sylvester Akpan

ABSTRACT:This study examined the role of Nigeria’s eight National Assembly (2015-2018) in the war against corruption. This was premised on the fact that though the President Muhammadu led administration made the fight against corruption one of its cardinal objectives, the legislative arm of government saddled with the task of providing the enabling legal/legislative framework for the fight to succeed, was embroiled in controversies that painted it as abetting the very act of corruption or deliberately working to frustrate the efforts of the executive arm in the fight against it. With prebendalism as its theoretical base, the study utilized the qualitative approach in analyzing the integrating variables at the end of which it was concluded that the 8th National Assembly, by design or by default, acted in a way that tended to undermine the anticorruption crusade, thereby aiding indirectly, the flourishing of corruption with its attendant deleterious effects on the economic development of the country. The study therefore recommended, among others, that the Nigerian legislature should expedite action on passing the Special Crimes Courts Bill and other anti-corruption related bills, in order to facilitate the establishment of Special Crimes Court for speedy trials of offences including economic and financial crimes, money laundering, corruption offences and other related matters.

Keyword:Corruption, Anti-Corruption, Legislature, Prebendalism, Development.

ABUO, CYRIL BISONG & DR. EFFIOM BASSEY EKENG & DR OKPECHI, PHILIP A.

ABSTRACT:This study examines the influence of counselling services and social reformation among youths in universities of Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria. To achieve the aim of this study, three research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to serve as a guide to this study. The study adopted survey research design with stratified and accidental sampling technique to select a total of 333 youths in the universities (University of Calabar [UNICAL] and Cross River State University of Technology [CRUTECH]) in Calabar Metropolis. A questionnaire titled, counseling service and social reformation scale (CSSRS) was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was carried out using Cronbach alpha estimate and the coefficient of the subscale was high to be considered reliable, the data collected were analyzed using simple regression and multiple regression. The three hypothesis showed that there is a significant influence of educational and vocational services on social reformation among the youths. Base on the findings of the study, it was recommended amongst others that educational counseling should be carried out in schools to help the youths acquire adequate knowledge and skills that can help them live meaningfully in the society.

Keyword:Counsellor, Counselling Services, Social reformation, Youths in Universities.

ABUO, C. B. & DR EFFIOM BASSEY EKENG & DR OKPECHI, PHILIP A & Dr.(mrs) Branda Akpan

ABSTRACT:This study was aimed at examining the influence of motivation, attribution in terms of peer relation and parental socio-economic status on perception of street life among children from age 8 to 18 years in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Children living on street are considered as most marginal and socially excluded section of the society. They are vulnerable to face problems like substance dependence, abuse, neglect, sexual problems and violence. The study was based on two main objectives meant to determine the extent to which peer relationship, parental socio-economic influence status age 8 to 18 years in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Survey design was used in the study. Two hundred (200) undergraduate students were selected for this study. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire in form of interview constructed by the researcher. The reliability estimate of the instrument was established through Cronbach Alpha reliability which give .75 and .77. Independent t-test was used as a statistical tool for data analysis. Each of the hypotheses was tested at .05 level off significance using SPSS Version 22. The findings revealed that peer relationship and parental social-economic status significantly influence perception off street life among children from age 8 to 18 years in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. However, it was recommended amongst others that parents of low social-economic status should be empowered to enable them provide basic needs for their children. Thus, reduces the number of street children in the society.

Keyword:Motivativation,Attribution,Perception,Age,Street,Children.

Mr. Muhammad Saddaqat Ali (1), Mr. Abdul Basit Solangi(2), Mr. Shahbaz Hyder Mughal (3)

ABSTRACT:This paper represents the importance of all attributes of Consumer-Based Brand Equity (brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, and brand loyalty) on consumer perception of the brand. And the focus of this study is on how consumers are making choices about brands what they are perceiving and what they are getting, how restaurants are creating a positive perception in the mind of consumers. This study also defines new ways for brands to make a strong relationship by making strong all attributes of Consumer-Based Brand Equity. The methodology of research has been used through surveys and this has found new views and suggestions regarding the restaurant’s brand equity because there are different respondents with different views and suggestions. This study suggests and helps the restaurants to make brand loyalty and strong customer relationship by providing superior value to the consumers, thinking and developing strategies for capturing more value by providing quality of foods with better services to make consumers loyal with building trust in the relationship with them, this will be helpful for restaurants to get the competitive advantage at this competitive era, it is also beneficial for the restaurants furthermore it will be profitable and generate more earnings.

Keyword:Consumer Based Brand Equity, Consumer Perception.

Ibekwe, Christopher Chimaobi & Oli, Nneka Perpetua

ABSTRACT:In many places, unregulated investment schemes exist and have caused more harm than good. This paper examined Ponzi schemes and risks of patronage among undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Anambra State, South-East, Nigeria. Signaling theory served as the theoretical thrust of this paper. The mixed methods research design was adopted and multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting respondents. A sample size of 1,093 was generated using Taro Yamane formula for determining sample size. The quantitative and qualitative instruments of data collection used in the study were structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interview (IDI) Guide. The quantitative data were processed with SPSS software and analyzed using frequency distribution tables, percentages, mean and graphic illustrations. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and were also used to complement the quantitative data. The findings indicated that majority of the respondents (73.1%) believe that there are risks associated with Ponzi schemes. The major risks found to be associated with Ponzi schemes include loss of money, panic/no peace of mind, erosion of confidence in domestic financial sector, diversion of savings to unproductive venture, etc. It was again found that no significant relationship exists between involvement in Ponzi schemes and undergraduates delay in tuition payment in tertiary institutions in the state. This paper concluded that tertiary institution students are prone and easy recruits of such schemes in the nation’s cyberspace, with its ugly toll on many. It recommended amongst others that the National Orientation Agency (NOA) should partner with experts in the financial industry in carrying out sensitization programmes in tertiary institutions at least once in a semester. This should be hinged on issues associated with Ponzi schemes and related fraud

Keyword:patronage, Ponzi schemes, risk, scam, undergraduates.

Lucio Muñoz*

ABSTRACT:At the heart of perfect market thinking is pareto efficiency thinking, in consumption and in production, where pareto efficiency in production and consumption is found at the market equilibrium point. The 2012 Rio +20 conference shift to green market thinking means that traditional pareto efficiency thinking is left behind as when internalizing environmental costs in the pricing mechanism of the traditional market we shift the production frontier, the social indifference curve, and the market price line of the traditional market towards the green production frontier, the green social indifference curve, and the green market price line of green markets, and therefore, it is a shift towards green pareto optimality, giving birth that way to green pareto efficiency thinking. This is because at the heart of green market thinking is the concept of green pareto efficiency, in green consumption and in green production, where green pareto efficiency in production and consumption is found at the green market equilibrium point. In other words, a shift from traditional perfect market thinking to perfect green market thinking like the one we had in the 2012 Rio +20 Conference means a shift from pareto efficiency and optimality to green pareto efficiency and optimality, yet to my knowledge nothing is written about this. And this raises questions such as why is pareto efficient in traditional markets outside green pareto efficient in green markets? What is the structure of green pareto optimality? What are the implications of this?

Keyword:Pareto efficient, pareto inefficient, pareto improvement, pareto optimal, green pareto efficient, green pareto inefficient, green pareto improvement, green pareto optimal, paradigm shift, traditional market, green market

Adekunle Sherif Olorunrinu

ABSTRACT:The primary motivation for establishing a Monetary Union (MU) derives from the desire to deepen an existing regional integration arrangement. This study examined the costs and benefits of MU. Generally, the benefits of MU accrue from macroeconomic efficiency gains: reduced transaction costs; increased competition; reduced risk and uncertainty, and policy credibility enhancement. However, the costs relate largely to the macroeconomic management difficulties occasioned by the loss of national monetary and exchange rate policy autonomy. A country, which participates in a monetary union, renounces a very important instrument of economic policy. This abandonment of monetary and exchange rate policy would trigger a host of other domestic economic management policy options. These are significant costs that could discourage a country from unionizing. Yet, given the political will to implement decisions, commitment, and sincerity of purpose, the gains and opportunities that await integrating countries outweigh the perceived costs.

Keyword:Monetary Union, Regional Integration, Ecowas, Costs and Benefits

Reuben Ngetich and Dr. Godfrey Ngeno

ABSTRACT:The study sought to evaluate the strategies used by secondary schools to manage the fluctuations in market prices in Ainamoi sub-county, Kenya. The study analyzed past theories related to the topic under the theoretical review that is systems theory. The researcher used descriptive research design to capture the strategies used by schools in Ainamoi. The findings indicated that, schools used income generating activities to finance deficit.

Keyword:Strategies, Fluctuations, Market, Prices

Ng Husin1 , Dadan Ramdhani2, Anna Sofia Atichasari3, Suheri4

ABSTRACT:This study aims to determine the relationship of the implementation of Intellectual Capital to Business Performance on the manufacture company in the province of DKI Jakarta. Specially purpose of this research is to know the relationship of the Human Capital with Customer Capital, to know the relationship of the Human Capital with Structural Capital, to know the relationship of the Customer Capital with Business Performance, to know the relationship of the Structural Capital with Business Performance. The sample is that used in this research are 46 manufacturing companies on the province of DKI Jakarta, and the unit of analysis are Finance Manager, Human Resource Development Manager, and Production Manager. Data is that obtained in this research is the primary data with the research instruments such as questionnaires. 60 questionnaires is that assigned, the questionnaire return and meet criteria of author are 46 questionnaires. This research use PLS (Partial Least Square) as a means of testing the hypothetical with the Outer and Inner Model. The processing of data was found that the results of the questionnaire as the primary data which represent each variable have level of good reliability that is above 0.5. Similarly, internal consistency between the independent variables and dependent variables have a both of good validity value is greater than 0.7. For test hypothetical got results that Human Capital associated with significant positive Customer Capital, which is evidenced by the t-statistics are greater than the t-table that is on the 4.053 > 1.96. Human Capital associated with significant positive Structural Capital, which is evidenced by the t-statistics are greater than the t-table that is on the 7.925 > 1.96. Customer Capital has a significant positive relationship to the Business Performance, which is evidenced by the t-statistics are greater than the t-table that is on the 5.664 > 1.96. Structural Capital associated not significantly positive to the Business Performance, which is evidenced by the t-statistic is less than the t-table that is on the 1.075 <1.96. Last Intellectual Capital is a significant positive relation with the Business Performance, which is evidenced by the tstatistics are greater than the t-table that is on the 5.436 > 1.96.

Keyword:Intellectual Capital, Human Capital, Structural Capital, Customer Capital, and Business Performance.